Triisopropanolamine effective in Cement  hydration reaction 

A hydration reaction instantly starts when water is mixed with cement to form a paste that first begins to lose its plasticity and stiffens and then hardens [1]. The main phases, C3A, C3S, C2S, and C4AF, react quickly with water to produce a jell-like mixture that starts solidifying. The action of changing from a fluid state to a solid state is called setting which is the transformation process from the initial state (a scattered concentrated suspension) to the final state (a connected and strengthened system of particles). In practice, this transformation of cement and concrete is obtained by chemical reactions between cement particles and water (i.e., cement hydration) [2]. The typical setting of cement is associated with the hydration of alite (C3S) and the formation of the calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phase [3]. The Triisopropanolamine,Diethanolisopropanolamine,Triethanolamine as cement grining aid  could effective participate in  hydration reaction with , C3A, C3S, C2S, and C4AF.